Очень срочно - вопрос №183378

1. General FeaturesGreat Britain comprises (Pres. Ind.Active) England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. The whole area covers (Pres. Ind.Active) 244,774 sq. km with 52,6 million inhabitants. Great Britain is separated (Pres.Ind.Passive) from the continent of Europe by the North Sea and the English Channel. Chains of hills and mountains as well as the elon¬gated shape of the island favoured (Past Ind.Act.) the formation of various regions distinguished by special features. The Highlands of Scotland form (Pres.Ind.Act.) one of these natural re¬gions. The mountains and hills cluster (Pres. Ind.Active) round the Grampian Range, of which Ben Nevis is the highest peak (1,343 m). The Cheviot Hills running from sea to sea separate (Pres.Ind.Act.) England from Scotland. The Lowland Plain to the north of the Cheviot Hills is (Pres. Ind.Active) fertile and forms (Pres. Ind.Active) a big contrast to the barren mountains of the Scottish Highlands.The Pennine Chain, called the Backbone of England, with its widespread coal- and iron-fieldsis (Pres. Ind.Active) the mountainous part in the centre of the country. Where the Pennine Chain ends there begins (Pres. Ind.Active) the great Midland Plain reaching from Lincoln and Leicester to the valley of the Thames. Wales is (Pres. Ind.Active) rich in coal-fields in the south and slate-quarries in the north. The Peninsula of Cornwall between the English and the Bristol Channelis (Pres. Ind.Active) the sunniest and warmest part of the British Isles. South-eastern England, a country of plains and chalky hills called the Downs, is (Pres. Ind.Active) the last of these natural regions in Great Britain.The contours of Great Britain are characterized (Pres.Ind.Passive) by numerous indentations which are very favourable to overseas trade. Short navigable rivers are utilized (Pres.Ind.Passive) for inland navigation. The climate is (Pres. Ind.Active) cool in summer, mild and foggy in winter.2. EconomyThe climate favours (Pres. Ind.Active) the growth of grass. Cattle-breeding and sheep-rearing, therefore, are (Pres. Ind.Active) widely spread especially in the west and south-west of England. In south-eastern En¬gland the so-called «Green England», the soil is (Pres. Ind.Active) very fertile; agriculture and horticulture were preferred (Past Ind.Passive) to cattle-breeding. But as a result of free trade by which cheap corn was imported to England the area for farming was more and more diminished (Past Ind.Passive). Since 1945 agriculture has been increasing (Pres.Perfect Cont.) again.The great wealth of Britain consists (Pres. Ind.Active) in the abundance of coal often found side by side with iron. In the north of En-gland the Newcastle coal-field extends (Pres. Ind.Active) along the Tyne. Another large coal-field lies (Pres. Ind.Active) between the Mersey and the Humber. It is (Pres. Ind.Active) the «Cotton and Wool District». Manchester is (Pres. Ind.Active) the centre of the cotton industry and Liverpool its great port. The most important coal- and iron-field, which is situated in Stafford¬shire and nearest to London, is (Pres. Ind.Active) well-known as the «Black Country» with the two centers of metal industry Wolver Hampton and Birmingham. Its northern part is called (Pres. Ind.Passive) the Potteries. The coal-fields of Vales contain (Pres. Ind.Active) a great quantity of anthra-cite, which is exported via Cardiff, Newport, and Swansea. Scotland possesses (Pres. Ind.Active) one essential coal-field that stretches along the Clyde. By this favourable situation of coal Glasgow has become (Pres.Perfect Act.) the centre of the cotton and iron industries.Besides the heavy industry an important light industry has come (Pres.Perfect Act.) into being, which produces textiles, glassware, porcelain, chemicals, ale.Wool, cotton, and other raw materials must bе imported, especially from the U.S.A., South America, the Dominions (Canada, Australia, New Zealand), and the rest of the British colonies, which still suffer from cruel exploitation by British imperialists.3. TransportIn Great Britain there are (Pres. Ind.Active) favourable natural conditions for trade and transport. The indentations of the coast rendered (Past Ind.Act.) possible the construction of good harbours. Numerous rivers, canals, and railways serve (Pres. Ind.Active) inland transport.London is (Pres. Ind.Active) the greatest port of the United Kingdom. The harbour of London is (Pres. Ind.Active) not at all what it should be, because the Thames is not deep enough for big vessels, and the docks are obsolete. But it is (Pres. Ind.Active) favourable for the snips to bring their cargoes to this principal market of Great Britain and to have a good chance of getting return freight. More than 42 per cent of all exports and imports go (Pres. Ind.Active) via London. She also reexports (Pres. Ind.Active) colonial goods. Besides, London is (Pres. Ind.Active) a great centre for fur, tea, and wool.Other important ports are (Pres. Ind.Active) Liverpool, to which all the cotton that comes from the U.S.A. is shipped, Southampton, Portsmouth, Hull, and Glasgow.